An operating theater (also known as an operating room (OR), operating suite, or operation suite) is a facility in a hospital where surgical operations are performed in an aseptic environment.
Historically, the term "operating theater" referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater where students and other visitors could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms typically lack a theater setting, making the term "operating theater" a misnomer in this case.
Operating room
Operating rooms are spacious, clean and well-lit, usually with overhead surgical lights, and may have viewing screens and monitors. Operating rooms are typically windowless, although windows are becoming more common in newly constructed theaters to provide clinical teams with natural light and feature controlled temperature and humidity. Special air handlers filter the air and maintain a slightly higher pressure. There is a backup system of power assistance in case of black-out. The rooms are supplied with wall suction, oxygen and possibly other anesthetic gases. The main equipment consists of operating table and anesthesia cart. In addition, there are tables for setting up instruments. There is storage space for general surgical supplies.
There are containers for disposables. Outside the operating room, or sometimes integrated inside, is a dedicated scrubbing area used by surgeons, anesthetists, ODPs (operating department practitioners), and nurses before surgery. An operating room will have a map that enables the terminal cleaner to rearrange the operating table and equipment into the desired layout while cleaning. Operating rooms are usually supported by an anesthetic room, prep room, scrub and a dirty utility room.
Several operating rooms are part of an operating suite that forms a distinct department within a health-care facility. In addition to the operating rooms and their wash rooms, it contains staff changing, washing and resting, preparation and recovery rooms, storage and cleaning facilities, offices, dedicated corridors and possibly other auxiliary units. In larger facilities, the operating suite is climate- and air-controlled, and separated from other departments so that only authorized personnel have access.
Operating room equipment
Operating room lights are meant to suppress any shadows so that surgeons have a deep light to use during procedures. The most revolutionary photo surgical light on the market. Thanks to double reflection technology, an improved version of indirect lighting, the lamp is able to light without any glare: the main cause of failure or error during the procedure. Glare is the feeling of being blinded by a light source (head lamp). Operating room lights are meant to suppress any shadows so that surgeons have a deep light to use during procedures. The most revolutionary photo surgical light on the market. Thanks to double reflection technology, an improved version of indirect lighting, the lamp is able to light without any glare: the main cause of failure or error during the procedure. Glare is the feeling of being blinded by a light source (head lamp).
Hybrid operating room for cardiovascular surgery at the Gemelli Hospital in Rome
The operating table in the center of the room can be raised, lowered and tilted in any direction.
Operating room lights are above the table to provide bright light without shadows during surgery.
The anesthesia machine is at the head of the operating table. The machine has tubes that connect the patient to assist breathing during surgery and built-in monitors that help control the gas mixture in the breathing circuit.
Next to the anesthesia machine is the anesthesia cart. It contains medications, equipment, and other supplies that the anesthesiologist may need.
Sterile instruments used during surgery are arranged on a stainless steel table.
An electronic monitor (which records heart rate and respiratory rate by an adhesive patch placed on the patient's chest).
The pulse oximeter machine is attached to the patient's finger with the help of an elastic band. It measures the amount of oxygen in the blood.
Automatic sphygmomanometer that automatically inflates a blood pressure cuff on the patient's arm.
An electrocautery machine can also be used to cauterize or seal blood vessels using high frequency electrical signals and cut tissue with minimal bleeding.
If surgery is needed, a heart-lung machine or other specialized equipment may be brought into the home.
Supplemental portable air decontaminating equipment is sometimes placed in the OR.
Advances in technology now support hybrid operating rooms, which are specialized neurologic and
Integrates diagnostic imaging systems such as MRI and cardiac catheterization into the operating room to assist surgeons in cardiac procedures.
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