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Sunset, (also known as sunset) is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the Earth's orbital horizon. As seen from the equator, the equinox sets due west in both spring and autumn. Seen from mid-latitudes, the local summer north travels southwest for the Northern Hemisphere, but northwest for the Southern Hemisphere. Sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, the atmosphere develops sunlight that is geometrically about one diameter below the solar disk horizon after a sunset is observed. Sunset differs from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first is civil twilight, which begins after the sun disappears below the horizon and continues until degrees below the horizon; the second stage is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon; And the third is astronomical twilight, which is between 12 and 18 degrees below the solar horizon.Evening is at the very end of astronomical twilight and just before night.
The Event
The time of sunset varies throughout the year and is determined by longitude and latitude and altitude. Small diurnal changes and noticeable semiannual changes in the duration of the sunset are driven by the Earth's axial tilt, the Earth's diurnal rotation, the motion of the planets in their annual elliptical orbits around the Sun, and the combined rotations of each and the Earth and the Moon.The motion of the planets in their orbits is governed by the rotation of each and the pair of the Earth and the Moon. During winter and spring, each day is longer and the sunsets occur until the latest sunset that occurs after the existence of summer. In the Northern Hemisphere, the latest sunset occurs in late June or early July, but not on the summer solstice of June 21. This date depends on the observer's latitude (associated with Earth's slow motion around aphelion around July 4). Likewise, the earliest sunset does not occur on the existence of winter, but rather about two weeks earlier, again depending on the observer's latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs in early December or late November (influenced by the Earth's rapid motion near perioleon, which occurs around January 3).
Similarly, the same phenomenon exists in the Southern Hemisphere, but the dates are reversed, with sunset sometime before June 21 in winter, and the latest sunset occurring sometime after December 21 in summer, again depending on one's southern latitude. For a couple of weeks around both oligos, both sunrise and sunset get slightly later each day.
Even at the equator, sunrise and sunset move back and forth with solar noon by a few minutes throughout the year. These effects are plotted by the analyzer.
Neglecting atmospheric removal and the non-zero size of the Sun, whenever and wherever sunset occurs, it is always in the northwest quadrants from the March equinox to the September equinox and in the southwest quadrants from the September equinox to the March equinox. Sunsets at the equinox occur almost exactly due west for all observers on Earth.Exact calculation of sunset azimuths on other dates is complicated but can be estimated with reasonable accuracy using Alamemma.
Since sunrise and sunset are counted from the top and trailing edges of the Sun, respectively, and not the center, the duration of a time of day is slightly longer than that of night (by about 10 minutes, as seen at nautical latitudes). Furthermore, because light from the Sun is deflected as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere, refraction also affects the apparent size of the Sun if the Sun is still very close to the visible horizon after being geometrically below the horizon. It appears higher than objects in the sky. Light from the lower edge of the Sun's disk is reflected more than light from above, since refraction increases as the elevation angle decreases. This raises the apparent position of the lower edge rather than the top, reducing the apparent height of the solar disk. Its width is unchanged, so the disk appears wider than it is. (In reality, the sun is almost perfectly spherical) The sun appears larger than the horizon, an optical illusion, similar to the illusion of the moon. Locations north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle experience at least one day of the year without sunset or sunrise, while polar day or polar night lasts 24 hours.
The color
When a beam of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to an observer, some of the color is scattered from the beam by air molecules and airborne particles, changing the final color of the beam that the observer sees. Because shorter wavelength components such as blue and green are scattered more strongly, these colors are removed from the desired beam.At sunrise and sunset, when the path through the atmosphere is long, the blue and green components are almost completely removed, during which time we see the longer wavelength orange and red colors to illuminate the horizon red and orange, the remaining reddish sunlight cloud droplets and can be dispersed by other relatively large particles.
Some unusual colors can be found in the opposite or eastern sky during sunset after the sun has set during twilight. Depending on weather conditions and the type of cloudspray, these colors have a wide spectrum and can produce unusual results.
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