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Sonargaon was an administrative center of East Bengal under the Muslim rulers of Bengal. It is currently an upazila in Narayanganj district of Bangladesh. Its location is 27 km southeast of Dhaka. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact location of the medieval city. Scattered evidence suggests that it was a sprawling settlement bounded by the Meghna on the east, the Shitalakshya on the west, the Dhaleswari on the south and the Brahmaputra on the north.
Sonargaon was one of the oldest capitals of the historical region of Bengal and an administrative center of East Bengal. It was also a river port. Sonargaon was the center of Bengal's muslin trade with a large population of weavers and artisans. According to ancient Greek and Roman accounts, emporiums or trading centers were located in this hinterland, which archaeologists have identified with the Wari-Bateswara ruins. The region was a stronghold of the Bengal, Samata, Sena and Deva dynasties.
Sonargaon gained importance during the Delhi Sultanate. It was the capital of the Sultanate ruled by Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah and his son Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah. It was also home to the royal court and mint of the Bengal Sultanate and the capital of the Bengal Sultanate during the reign of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah. Sonargaon became one of the most important towns in Bengal.
Many immigrants settled in the area. Sultans built mosques and tombs. It later resisted Mughal expansion under Baro-Bhuiyar Isa Khan and his son Musa Khan. After the defeat of the twelve Bhuiyans, Sonargaon became a district of Mughal Subah Bengal. During British colonial rule, merchants built many Indo-Saracenic townhouses in Panam Para. Its importance ended with the nearby port of Narayanganj established in 1862.
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