Rice (scientific name: Oryza sativa) is a legume of the Poaceae family. Rice is widely cultivated in warm climates, especially in East-Asia. The origin of the word Dhan or Dhanya is unknown. Paddy or rice has been the staple food of millions of people since ancient times. Rice cultivation is said to have started about 10,000 years ago under the patronage of the kings of China and Japan. Due to its wide adaptability, rice is grown from North Korea to South Australia, and even as high as 2,600 meters above sea level (Jumla, Nepal).
Structure of rice plant
Rice plants are usually 1–1.8 m (3.3–5.9 ft) tall. Its leaves are narrow, elongated in shape. Leaves 50-100 cm. (20-39 inches) long and 2-2.5 cm. (0.79-0.98 inches) wide. It is usually pollinated by wind. In the inflorescence, the flowers are arranged from top to bottom while branching. Each peduncle is 30–50 cm (10–20 in) long. A seed that is eaten as food is called a grain. Seeds are usually 5-12 mm. long and 2-3 mm. becomes thick.
The Climate
Rainfall: Paddy cultivation requires abundant rainfall. Generally 150 to 250 cm of rainfall is required.
Warmth: Rice is generally grown in areas with temperatures ranging from 16°C to 27°C. The average temperature required is 22°C.
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Rice season in Bangladesh
Depending on the cultivation period, the rice of Bangladesh is divided into three categories. These three main divisions are Aush, Aman and Boro.
Aush rice
This rice is named Aush because of its quick (quick) crop production. This paddy is usually grown during the rainy season. For this reason, its other name is Asadhi rice. But this rice can be cultivated at any time of the year. The names of Aush rice in Bangladesh are - Atlai, Kattaktara, Kumari, Charnak, Dular, Dhalashit, Dharail, Patuakhali, Pasur, Panbira, Paashpai, Pukhi, Morichbeti, Harinmuda, Hasikalmi, Suryamukh, Shani, Shaita, Bhaira, Shank. Patti, Kala Bakri, Kharajamri, Mulke Aush, Kalamanik, Bhaturi etc. Aush paddy is high yielding.
Aman rice
A corruption of the Sanskrit word 'haiman' or Haimantika'. Paddy is special. Its other names are Aguni and Haimantika. Most of the land is cultivated during the Aman season. There are three types of Aman rice. Namely—
1. Ropa Aman: It is named as this rice is produced by preparing seedlings, planting those seedlings. Seedlings are sown under the seed bed in the month of Jaisthya-Ashadha, planted in the main land in the month of Sravana-Bhadra and the paddy is harvested in the month of Agrahayana-Pausha.
2. Woven Aman : This Aman is woven by sprinkling. The bona aman is sown in the field in the month of Chaitra-Baishakh and the ripe paddy is harvested in the month of Agrahayana. It is also called Achara Aman.
3. Bawa Aman: This Aman is produced in the Beel region. For this reason it is also called deep water bill Aman.
Different types of Aman rice are cultivated in Bangladesh. And each species of rice has a local name. E.g.- Indrashail, Katibaghdar, Khiraizali, Gadalaki, Gabura, Chingrikhushi, Chitbaz, Jeshobalam, Jhingashail, Dhepi, Tilakkachari, Daudin, Dadkhani, Dudlaki, Dudhsar, Dhala Aman, Nagra, Nazirshail, Patnai, Banshphool, Bish Bish, Badshavog, Vasa Manik. , Maliadakr, Rajashail, Rupshail, Latshail, Hatishail etc.
Boro rice
Other names are Eri rice
Origin India, Bangladesh
Region or State India, Bangladesh, Pakistan
Recipe: Boro Rice
Media: Boro Paddy
Boro rice is mainly irrigated. Sowing of seeds starts from the month of Kartika. Paddy harvesting continues till Baisakh-Jaisthya. Since the introduction of high-yielding Boro rice, rice cultivation and the whole farming system have undergone a major change. As a result, on the one hand, as the cultivation of Aush paddy has decreased, the cultivation of common crops such as pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, potatoes, spices etc. in rabi season has decreased. But as this rice grows in spring, it is called Basantik rice. The names of this type of rice are - Aman Boro, Khayaboro, Tupa, Paushail, Banajira, Boroboro etc.
Cultivation
In Bangladesh, rice is grown in three seasons: Aush, Aman and Boro.
How many days can be cultivated
Rice is generally an annual plant, but in some regions, especially in temperate regions, rice is cultivated as a biennial plant. Rice can be cultivated for up to 30 years. The growth and production of rice often depends on soil fertility.
Cultivable area
Rice thrives in areas with high rainfall or low land. It is also cultivated on hills or slopes. Paddy cultivation is very labor intensive. Many laborers are required, so it is easier to grow rice in areas where labor costs are low. Its mother plant is native to Asia and Africa.
Food made from rice
Paddy is usually made into rice, muri, khai, rice flour, rice fritters, crackers and various pithas. The broken pieces of rice are called khud. Earlier, poor people often used khud as food. Now, however, it is mostly used as fodder. Nowadays, better quality oil is made from rice husk or bran
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